Optical Transceivers
Transporting Ethernet traffic over an optical network requires an optical transceiver. Transceivers are pluggable adapters with wavelength-specific lasers that convert electrical data signals from data switches to optical signals.
Small Form-Factor Pluggable Transceivers
The small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver is a compact, hot-pluggable network interface module used for both telecommunication and data communications applications. This form factor is a popular industry format jointly developed and supported by many network component vendors.
While there are SFP transceivers that support RJ45 connections, the majority of SFPs in the market support optical connections.
SFP transceivers can be used with several types of cables:
1, Copper twisted-pair cable with RJ45 connector
2, Multimode fiber or single-mode fiber optical cables
3, Direct attach cable (DAC) also known as a Twinax copper cable where the transceiver is built in to a fixed-length copper cable
4, Active optical direct attached cable where the transceiver is built in to fixed-length optical cable
A wide range of speeds are supported depending on specific standards and media. Table 2 shows popular types of SFP transceivers, with differing baud rates and modulation types. Newer SFP transceivers can often support lower speeds; SFP28 might support 10GbE and lower.
| Transceiver Type | Number of data lanes
| Baud rate per data lane
| Modulation Type
| Speed |
| SFP | 1 | 1.25Gbps, 3.1Gbps, 6Gbps | NRZ (PAM2)
| 1GbE, 2.5GbE, 5GbE |
| SFP+ | 1 | 11Gbps | NRZ (PAM2)
| 10GbE |
| SFP28 | 1 | 28Gbps | NRZ (PAM2)
| 25GbE |
| SFP56 | 1 | 56Gbps | PAM4 | 50GbE |